A website that runs without Internet

If you want to enjoy the website that runs witout internet then go to www.dineshcomputers.com where you can enjoy it once you upload.

Computer Architecture

Addressing Mode

A memory word is a group of 1’s and 0’s and may represent a number , an instruction code, one or more alphanumeric character or any other binary coded information. The internal instruction of a memory unit is specify by the number of words it contains and the number of bits each in each codes. Special input lines called address line select one particular words and each word in memory is assigned by an identification number called an address. It starts from 0 up to 2^{k -1} where k is the number of address line. The selection of specific words inside the memory is done by applying k bit binary address to the address line. A decoder inside the memory accepts this address and opens the path needed to select the bit of specific words.

Pointer used in C.A.

Pointers are the process of the reserving the location and transferring the address of upper hand to the location memory. It can be assigned by PTR (pointer).

The address of the current upper hand is stored in location PTR. When this location is addressed in the, the computer text they contain of PTR to be address of upper hand. As a result the upper hand in location PTR is assigned to the accumulator. Location PTR is then incremented with the instruction in line so its value changes to the value of address of the next sequential upper hand. The pointer points to the address of the current upper hand and the program loop is executed.

In computer with more than one processor register, it is possible to use one processor register as a pointer and that register of pointer is called index register.

Ex.HEX 0                       the location for pointer.

Instruction set design/issue where designing the instruction

It is a complex job because it affects so many aspects of computer system. The instruction set define many of the function perform be the CPU. And therefore has a significant effect on implementation of CPU. Since instruction sets are the means by which a program can control the CPU therefore programmers set the word instruction of instruction set design. Some of the important design issues related to instruction design are

·         Operation

How many and which operation can be performed by the system and how complex operation can be performed are define be operation while designing instruction set.

·      Data types

Various types of data for which operation are performed while designing the instruction set. Examples of data types are number, character and logical data.

·         Instruction format

This includes instruction size in bits (that means number of bit used by instructions), number of address and size of various fields.

·         Register

Number of CPU register that can be referenced by instruction and there used while designing the instruction set.

·         Addressing mode

The mode by which the address of upper hand is specify and most specify which modes can be used while designing the instruction set.

Array, Array operation and array processor

Many scientific problems require arithmetic operation on large array of n numbers. These numbers are formulated as vectors and matrix of floating point numbers. A array is an orders set of one dimensional data items. A array “A” of length ‘n’ represented as a row by A=[a]. it may be represented as a column if the data items are listed in column form. Consequently, operation on arrays must be broken down into single competition with sub scripted variables. The element A1 of array “A” is written as A1=A[i] and index ‘I’ refers to index register array and memory address a register where the number is stored.

An array processor is a processor that performs competition on large array of data. Two types of array processor can be used to compute large array of data.

·         Attached array processor

 

                                                                          Memory to memory data-bus

                                                   Fig: attached array processor with host computer

An attached array processor is an auxiliary processor attached to general purpose computer. It is intended to improve the performance of the host computer in specific numerical computation task. It’s purpose is to enhance the performance of the computer by providing array processing for complex scientific problems. The array processor can be program by the user o accommodate a variety of complex arithmetic application.

Above figure shows the interconnection of attached array processor to host computer. The host computer is general purpose computer and the attached processor is back end driven by the host computer. The input output controller act as a controller device to interface between host and attached array processor. The data for the attached array [processor are transformed from main memory to local memory through high speed memory to memory data bus.

·         Single Interface Multiple Data(SIMD)

 

                      Fig: SIMD Architecture

 SIMD array processor is a processor that has a single instruction multiple data organization. It many palates array instruction by means of multiple functional unit responding to a common single instruction. It has a single instruction having multiple functional unit operating in parallel and the processing unit are synchronized to perform the same operation under the control unit thus providing the SIMD organization. Above figure shows the organization of SIMD containing processing elements ‘P’, each having a local memory ‘m’, master control unit and main memory. Each ‘pe’ elements include ALU control unit floating point arithmetic unit and working register. The master control unit controls the operation in the processor elements and the main memory used for storage of the program. The function of the master control unit is to de-code the instruction and determines how the instruction is to be executed.

Let the Internet Work For You: Saving Money Online

 

Author: sanjeet mandal| Files under Making money online

In today’s economy, everyone is looking for ways to save money. Prices are rising across the retail industry. One of the ways for people to save money is to use coupons. A coupon is a great way to buy products at a bargain price. However, many people don’t know where to find good coupons. Here are some places where you can look for good ones.
First, don’t throw out your junk mail. Every week, you should receive a pile of ads along with one or two coupon magazines. Take a few minutes and look through everything. You can find great coupons for restaurants, haircuts, car washes, and a number of other things. It only takes a little bit of your day to look through everything. If you take the time, you can save a lot of money. Also, check your magazines and newspapers for coupons. Also, most people receive coupon packs in the mail from time to time. They will come in a thick envelope. These packs contain a bunch of coupons. A lot of them will not mean anything to you, but you will likely find one you can use.
Another great way to find a good coupon is to sign up for mailing lists. Most retailers and restaurants have email lists on their websites. All you have to do is sign up to receive special offers. Sometimes, they may give you a good coupon right away. Even if they don’t, they will send some to you through email from time to time. These coupons are just as good as the ones you see in ads. Print them out and you can start saving money right away.
If you have a smartphone, consider downloading one of several coupon apps. There are many free ones out there. Basically, these apps provide a list of retailers in your area that have special coupons. You can find a number of deals this way. Coupons for free appetizers are commonly found on these apps. You can also find coupons for discounts at a number of stores. These apps offer coupons at both national chains and local stores. Since the apps are free, you aren’t taking any risk.
You can also use the internet to find coupons codes. Many stores, restaurants, and hotels have coupon codes that you can enter on their website. A simple web search is likely to give you a code that will work. People commonly share these coupon codes on a number of websites and forums. All you need to do is enter the code and you can be on your way to some incredible savings.
You should also check for coupons while you are in the store. This is where you will find manufacturer’s coupons. They are often attached to a product or located near the display. You can find some great deals this way. Best of all, you can use them right at the register. Manufacturer’s coupons are commonly found in grocery stores, but you can find them in a number of other stores.
Sally is an avid blogger and loves to travel. She writes about health, technology and everyday living. She can be found on Twitter @eatbreatheblog

How to apply animation on text or objects in Power Point 2010?

It is very easy to apply animation on text or object in Microsoft Power Point 2010. Animations are applied to emphasize certain things, other objective is to avoid boredom of audience and keep their interest intact through whole presentation. It also helps you to control flow of information, for example if you are explaining a certain point and you do not want your audience to get distract by next points then by help of animation you can stop next points.

You can apply animation on not only text but also on shapes, tables, pictures and other object. The visual effects that are included in Power Point 2010 are exits, entrance, changes in Font Sizes and Colours. You have the option to apply one or multiple animation on one object. Both methods are described below.

Four types of animation effects are available in PowerPoint 2010.

How to create a shortcut for locking the Computer Screen in Windows 7?

There are many ways in which you can lock the computer screen. The most popular as well as the fastest way to lock it is to use a keyboard shortcut. The keyboard shortcut used to lock the computer screen is Win+L. A few of us choose to utilize the mouse to lock it. And of course many people like to use both the options.

There is another method in which we can lock the computer screen. It is to create a shortcut for locking the computer screen in Windows 7. You can create a shortcut for locking the computer screen in Windows 7, XP and Vista too. Follow these steps in order to create a shortcut for locking the computer screen in Windows 7 as well as other editions:

Right-click on the desktop where you would like to create the shortcut.

Point to New.
 

Secret Tip How I Make Free Calls from Computer to Mobile Phone Anywhere in the world with yahoo messenger or Skype

You can now make free calls from your pc to any mobile in the world. All you need is a mic with ear phones, a decent internet connection and Yahoo Messenger or Skype Installed.I’m now using this free call method and the great thing is that, this trick can be used to make unlimited call to mobiles all over the world and not limited to United states. It even works to make free local mobile calls in India.


So how do we make a call from pc to mobile phone for free?

Install Yahoo messenger or Skype. In case you don’t have it Google it and download the latest version.

Sign into your yahoo messenger or Skype using your yahoo id and password. Configure your microphone and headset if you have installed a fresh yahoo or skype software
Inside your Yahoo messenger dial +18003733411 and press enter(as shown in figure).


Now a small window pops up like the one shown below.


An operator greets you with a recorded welcome message along with an advertisement and asks you to select one of the Free411 service. Just hear the services options until they say the last one as “Free Call”. When you hear this, don’t press any number on your keyboard and instead SAY “Free call” loudly on your microphone connected to your PC.
After this voice message is detected by their system, they will run a short advertisement of their sponsor and make sure you don’t press any number at this time.
WAIT UNTIL YOU HEAR A BEEP SOUND after the following message “Please dial the phone number country code first, don’t forget to dial 1 for north America”
After you hear this message ,immediately dial the destination number of your choice along with the country code.(e.g. for north America it’s 1 and for India it’s 91)

Your call will get connected and you can talk for 7 minutes continuous for free. When it gets disconnected, repeat the same procedure again. You can make multiple and unlimited calls with this service.
It was never easy to make a free international call like this before.
So what’s the catch?
FREE411 service toll-free number is based in USA. This company gets paid for the advertisements from sponsors.
Are there any limits on the number of call which we can make?
No. There is no limit on the number of free calls which can be made through this system.
So enjoy this trick to make free international and local calls and make sure you don’t abuse the system.

What is computer Virus ?

A computer virus is an executable program. Depend on the nature of a virus, it may cause damage of your hard disk contents, and/or interfere normal operation of your computer.
By definition, a virus program is able to replicate itself. This means that the virus multiplies on a computer by making copies of itself. This replication is intentional; it is part of the virus program. In most cases, if a file that contains virus is executed or copied onto another computer, then that computer will also be "infected" by the same virus.
A virus can be introduced to a computer system along with any software program. For Internet users, this threat can come from downloading files through FTP (file transfer protocol), or referencing email attachments. (Please refer to our web page on Handling Email's File Attachments for details.)
When a virus is introduced to a computer system, it can attach itself to, or sometimes even replace, an existing program. Thus, when the user runs the program in question, the virus is also executed. This usually happens without the user being aware of it.

A virus program contains instructions to initiate some sort of "event" that affects the infected computer. Each virus has an unique event associated with it. These events and their effects can range from harmless to devastating. For examples:

• An annoying message appearing on the computer screen.
• Reduced memory or disk space.
• Modification of data.
• Files overwritten or damaged.
• Hard drive erased.